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Lacrosse has its origins in a tribal game played by eastern Woodlands Native Americans and by some Plains Indians tribes in what is now Canada. The game was extensively modified by European immigrants to North America to create its current collegiate and professional form. There were hundreds of native men playing a ball game with sticks.The game began with the ball being tossed into the air and the two sides rushing to catch it. Because of the large number of players involved, these games generally tended to involve a huge mob of players swarming the ball and slowly moving across the field. Passing the ball was thought of as a trick, and it was seen as cowardly to dodge an opponent.〔 ==Native American game== Modern day lacrosse descends from and resembles games played by various Native American communities. These include games called ''dehuntshigwa'es'' in Onondaga ("men hit a rounded object"), ''da-nah-wah'uwsdi'' in Eastern Cherokee ("little war"), ''Tewaarathon'' in Mohawk language ("little brother of war"), ''baaga`adowe'' in Ojibwe ("bump hips")〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary )〕 and ''kabucha'' in Choctaw. Lacrosse is one of the oldest team sports in North America. There is evidence that a version of lacrosse originated in what is now Canada as early as the 17th century.〔Vennum, Thomas. American Indian Lacrosse: Little Brother of War. (Smithsonian Institution, 1994) SBN 978-1560983026.〕〔Liss, Howard. Lacrosse (Funk & Wagnalls, 1970) pg 13.〕 Native American lacrosse was played throughout modern Canada, but was most popular around the Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic seaboard, and American South. Traditional lacrosse games were sometimes major events that could last several days. As many as 100 to 1,000 men from opposing villages or tribes would participate. The games were played in open plains located between the two villages, and the goals could range from to apart. Rules for these games were decided on the day before. Generally there was no out-of-bounds, and the ball could not be touched with the hands. The goals would be selected as large rocks or trees; in later years wooden posts were used. Playing time was often from sunup until sundown. There are traditionally three areas of scoring on the stickball pole. There is a mark, about chest high on the pole, and when scored above, awards one point. Contact below that point is not scored. The top half of the pole, well above arms reach, is worth two points when hit. The very top of the pole, usually embellished with a large figure of a fish, is worth three points. In recreational games, scoring is loosely kept, most times by the audience or a few players. Games typically reach around twenty points before concluding. The game began with the ball being tossed into the air and the two sides rushing to catch it. Because of the large number of players involved, these games generally tended to involve a huge mob of players swarming the ball and slowly moving across the field. Passing the ball was thought of as a trick, and it was seen as cowardly to dodge an opponent.〔Liss, Howard. Lacrosse (Funk & Wagnalls, 1970) pg 10.〕 The medicine men acted as coaches, and the women of the tribe were usually limited to serving refreshments to the players.〔Culin, Stewart. Games of the North American Indians (Dover Publications, 1907) ISBN 978-0486231259. pg 580, 607.〕 (There was also a women's version of lacrosse called amtahcha, which used much shorter sticks with larger heads.〔Culin, Stewart. Games of the North American Indians (Dover Publications, 1907) ISBN 978-0486231259. pg 596.〕) In modern day recreational stickball games, it is not unusual to see women playing. Women forgo using stickball sticks and are the only players able to use their bare hands in play, while men are always required to play with a pair of stickball sticks. Teams are usually split into men vs. women for convenience. The men will suffer some sort of penalty or disqualification for being too aggressive towards the women players, but the women have no such restrictions on their methods of playing. Lacrosse traditionally had many different purposes. Some games were played to settle inter-tribal disputes. This function was essential to keeping the Six Nations of the Iroquois together. Lacrosse was also played to toughen young warriors for combat, for recreation, as part of festivals, and for the bets involved. Finally, lacrosse was played for religious reasons: "for the pleasure of the Creator" and to collectively pray for something. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of lacrosse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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